Anglo Saxon Culture as Reflected in Beowulf

Societies as a rule have unmistakable figures that mirror their way of life all in all. The significance of religion, qualities, and legends are mirrored a lot in the epic sonnet of Beowulf precisely indicating the Anglo Saxon culture overall. Men ruled the Anglo Saxon society and the individuals adored an extraordinary legend like that of Beowulf. They accepted a legend ought to be a guardian of his guarantees, be proud and produce incredible physical quality. Additionally Beowulf was an extraordinary contender and faithful to everybody he met. He accepted nobody was more noteworthy than any other person; Beowulf demonstrated extraordinary regard even to his foes by battling them one on one (â€Å"Anglo Saxons† 48). In any event, when Beowulf realizes destiny is against him and he is going to kick the bucket; he keeps on continuing battling; â€Å"†¦No ruler so gentle, no man so open to his kin, so meriting praise† (Beowulf 60). Beowulf’s bombastic fearlessness, his overwhelming quality, and his triumphs in fight make him an exemplary incredible saint and a model for the Anglo Saxon culture. A significant component in the general public of the Anglo Saxons was the mead corridor. The mead lobby was basically a gathering place for suppers, narrating and the gathering for triumphs (Bjork 89). The mead corridor represents security, association, and all that is acceptable on the planet (Bjork 90). The mead corridor was believed to be the most secure spot in the whole Kingdom. In Beowulf the mead lobby was depicted as â€Å"the preeminent of corridors under heaven† (Orchard 77). This mead corridor was called Herot filling in as a castle for King Hrothgar. This is the place Beowulf disassembled Grendel in an epic fight. Beowulf wanted to battle with his exposed hands. The ordinary Anglo Saxon warrior was not honored with the incredible gifts Beowulf was honored with so they utilized different weapons like: the lance, blade, shield, seaxe, and bow and sling. The lance was the most well-known weapon of decision and could be utilized as a rocket or utilized close by to-hand battle. The blade was not a typical weapon utilized at all since it was extravagant to create. The blade was typically given to an extraordinary warrior who has shown brave acts in fight. All warriors had a shield that was made of wood and generally lined together by metal. A seaxe was a solitary bladed blade that was carried on the belt on the warrior and was utilized more as an apparatus than a real weapon (Beowulf 112-113). Somewhat English Saxons esteemed religion exceptionally. There is a lot of discussion over Beowulf in managing agnostic and Christian convictions since students of history accept both were incorporated in spite of the fact that Christianity is by all accounts progressively pervasive. Religion was the focal point of people’s life right now and is exhibited in Beowulf when Beowulf calling for God shouts †¦ â€Å"the god-like the producer of the earth†. Up until the sixth century it is to and fro among Christianity and Paganism. The best wellsprings of data on the agnostic time of religion are from the seventh to eighth century declarations, for example, Beowulf (Orchard 25). Agnosticism managed the venerating of numerous divine beings. The festival of wonder has such accentuation in Beowulf since human applause is the most significant standard of the agnostic characters. Old English Saxon warriors wore protective caps for the fight to come with an agnostic god on them named Freyr. The individuals who grew up going to Thor to ensure them with their shield and cap before they went to fight were associated with the agnostic religion (Orchard 33). Agnosticism appeared to be the religion of decision for some Anglo-Saxon warriors while Christianity did n't develop as brisk in warriors (â€Å"Saxons Culture†). Margaret E. Goldsmith who composed â€Å"The Christian Theme of Beowulf† shouted the instructing of St. Augustine and St. Gregory are fused in Hrothgar’s lesson. Goldsmith said Beowulf was kind of a Christian verifiable novel, with chose bits of agnosticism deliberately laid on as â€Å"local color†, for example, the references to destiny or Wyrd (Bloom 127). All considered Beowulf shows religion, communicates estimations of regular day to day existence and clarifies what a genuine saint in about in Anglo Saxon occasions. The Anglo Saxons express their societies through brilliant writing, for example, Beowulf, which is a record of courageous deeds. The Anglo Saxon society has confidence in extraordinary men, for example, Beowulf that have great ethics and embody commitment to their nation. Beowulf gets its primary plot from people stories; and as W. P. Ker has stated, â€Å" it is hard to give independence or epic nobility to commonplaces of this sort (Bloom 14). The creator of Beowulf perceived the commitment of giving his saint passionate and moral incentive through relationship with occasions the Anglo Saxon individuals would perceive as legend like. It was insufficient that Beowulf should show unmatched quality and fearlessness in his triumphs over huge beasts however the estimation of these endeavors must be improved by Beowulf’s profound and genuinely legitimized worry for those he battled (Bloom 14). The physical intensity of Beowulf doesn't give him the ethical measurements and the title of an epic legend. The unwaveringness and unselfishness Beowulf shows makes him a definitive Anglo Saxon legend and the extraordinary epic of Beowulf will never be overlooked in light of the fact that there is no more prominent symbol than Beowulf. Old English Saxon Culture as Reflected in Beowulf Societies as a rule have unmistakable figures that mirror their way of life all in all. The significance of religion, qualities, and saints are mirrored a lot in the epic sonnet of Beowulf precisely demonstrating the Anglo Saxon culture all in all. Men commanded the Anglo Saxon society and the individuals adored an extraordinary saint like that of Beowulf. They accepted a legend ought to be an attendant of his guarantees, be egotistic and produce incredible physical quality. Likewise Beowulf was an exceptional contender and faithful to everybody he met. He accepted nobody was more noteworthy than any other person; Beowulf indicated extraordinary regard even to his foes by battling them one on one (â€Å"Anglo Saxons† 48). In any event, when Beowulf realizes destiny is against him and he is going to pass on; he keeps on continuing battling; â€Å"†¦No sovereign so mellow, no man so open to his kin, so meriting praise† (Beowulf 60). Beowulf’s bombastic fearlessness, his overwhelming quality, and his triumphs in fight make him a great amazing legend and a model for the Anglo Saxon culture. A significant component in the general public of the Anglo Saxons was the mead corridor. The mead corridor was basically a gathering place for meals, narrating and the gathering for triumphs (Bjork 89). The mead corridor represents security, association, and all that is acceptable on the planet (Bjork 90). The mead corridor was believed to be the most secure spot in the whole Kingdom. In Beowulf the mead corridor was portrayed as â€Å"the first of lobbies under heaven† (Orchard 77). This mead lobby was called Herot filling in as a castle for King Hrothgar. This is the place Beowulf destroyed Grendel in an epic fight. Beowulf liked to battle with his exposed hands. The regular Anglo Saxon warrior was not honored with the extraordinary abilities Beowulf was honored with so they utilized different weapons like: the lance, blade, shield, seaxe, and bow and sling. The lance was the most well-known weapon of decision and could be utilized as a rocket or utilized close by to-hand battle. The blade was not a typical weapon utilized at all since it was over the top expensive to deliver. The blade was typically given to an extraordinary warrior who has exhibited brave acts in fight. All warriors had a shield that was made of wood and normally lined together by metal. A seaxe was a solitary bladed blade that was carried on the belt on the warrior and was utilized more as an apparatus than a real weapon (Beowulf 112-113). Somewhat English Saxons esteemed religion exceptionally. There is a lot of debate over Beowulf in managing agnostic and Christian convictions since history specialists accept both were coordinated despite the fact that Christianity is by all accounts progressively pervasive. Religion was the focal point of people’s life as of now and is shown in Beowulf when Beowulf calling for God shouts †¦ â€Å"the god-like the creator of the earth†. Up until the sixth century it is to and fro among Christianity and Paganism. The best wellsprings of data on the agnostic time of religion are from the seventh to eighth century declarations, for example, Beowulf (Orchard 25). Agnosticism managed the revering of numerous divine beings. The festival of magnificence has such accentuation in Beowulf since human commendation is the most significant standard of the agnostic characters. Somewhat English Saxon warriors wore head protectors for the fight to come with an agnostic god on them named Freyr. The individuals who grew up appealing to Thor to secure them with their shield and head protector before they went to fight were associated with the agnostic religion (Orchard 33). Agnosticism appeared to be the religion of decision for some Anglo-Saxon warriors while Christianity didn't develop as snappy in warriors (â€Å"Saxons Culture†). Margaret E. Goldsmith who composed â€Å"The Christian Theme of Beowulf† shouted the instructing of St. Augustine and St. Gregory are fused in Hrothgar’s message. Goldsmith said Beowulf was kind of a Christian authentic novel, with chose bits of agnosticism deliberately laid on as â€Å"local color†, for example, the references to destiny or Wyrd (Bloom 127). All considered Beowulf shows religion, communicates estimations of regular daily existence and clarifies what a genuine saint in about in Anglo Saxon occasions. The Anglo Saxons express their societies through great writing, for example, Beowulf, which is a record of gallant deeds. The Anglo Saxon society has confidence in extraordinary men, for example, Beowulf that have great ethics and represent dedication to their nation. Beowulf gets its fundamental plot from society stories; and as W. P. Ker has stated, â€Å" it is hard to give uniqueness or epic poise to commonplaces of this sort (Bloom 14). The creator of Beowulf perceived the commitment of giving his legend enthusiastic and moral incentive through relationship with occasions the Ang

Merits And Demerits Of Documents And Drawings Assignment

Benefits And Demerits Of Documents And Drawings - Assignment Example Then again, drawings is characterized as a representation that is drawn utilizing the hand and might be distributed in a book, magazine, or paper; this can be any structure introduction of object(s) on a surface by utilization of lines (Calloway 12). In this paper, will talk about the benefits and demits of archives and drawings as indicated by the history with respect to Indians and the historical backdrop of American west. To begin with, the archives and drawings were available and solid to the non master and the understudies; records and drawings were drawn from an assortment of clans. They gave a dependable method to pass out data starting with one individual or nation then onto the next illuminate regarding lessons in light of the fact that gave an arrive at history sources. In the Indians and west America history, books were utilized as a method of correspondence; books and other print media gave individuals a powerful method to pass information. Be that as it may, there was a printed magazine. These magazines gave individuals data of current undertakings about events in their separate nations. Along these lines, the printed archives and the drawings were solid and open to individuals particularly understudies and non-expert. This implies the requests for understudies and non expert were met (Calloway 56). In the Indian and west American history, archives and drawings were responsible; with the innovation of composing and attracting the particular countries.... Be that as it may, the drawings and the archives gives increasingly point by point data; reports and drawings gave a more precised and important data. In this book, a lot of data about the Indian culture and the lost west is given, the Indians simply like the lost west utilized drawings and archives. They found that reports and drawings gave more data contrasted with verbal data. A large portion of their diaries or compositions were done in drawings and archives in type of books and other print media. These reports and the drawings could without much of a stretch give clear guidance which could undoubtedly be trailed by another understudies or non master. Throughout the entire existence of the Indians and the lost west, books and made an interpretation of materials were utilized to impart and communicate people’s thoughts. For this situation, we find that data passed by compositions or prints created progressively significant and precised data. The various clans like Mandans, Lakotas and Pawnees in the separate nations could without much of a stretch impart by means of the archives (Calloway 80). Be that as it may, throughout the entire existence of the Indians and the lost west, archives and the drawings were viewed as the least expensive type of correspondence which could be effectively deciphered. In many event throughout the entire existence of the Indians and the lost west, were meant numerous different dialects, records and drawings fulfilled the needs of different clans. The records for instance, books could be written in another dialect. They couldn't be effectively be comprehended by another clan in the particular realms in Indians and lost west. Accordingly, there was designated faculty who were depended by the rest to interpret. The individual could without much of a stretch interpret the composed report or archives such that could empower others to comprehend (Calloway 120). In

Research project would - Library System Essay Example for Free

Research venture would Library System Essay Most importantly I offer my sincerest appreciation to our educator Mr. Marlon M. Sumait who has bolstered me all through my postulation with his understanding and information. In my every day work I have been honored with a well disposed and lively schoolmate and companions who helped me in the field of information assortment and programming my framework. Unique gratitude to my cousin Richard S. Pasuquin (Web engineer at IT Easy programming Solution at Quezon City Philippines) for the fortune in my postulation in the field of codes and a few encodings made. Presentation Schools set the different academic changes to accomplish the present degree of training in different nations. In light of the developing quantities of PC clients, this turned into a successful medium to show the information and abilities of the understudies. From the conventional looking procedure for the books in the libraries, the intuitive utilization of PCs can be currently tended to as a major aspect of the library framework. Foundation and Problem Statement In the point of the colleges to flexibly the fundamental materials to their understudies, the possibility of library the board framework is presents. This includes the usage for handling, getting to and recovering the data that can successfully bolster the procedure of student’s learning, dynamic and academically approaches. Due to the composed methodology and precise administration of the data, the availability and recovery in the library can be simple. Chapter by chapter guide Section TITLE PAGE Cover sheet I Affirmation ii Chapter by chapter guide iii Extension And Delimitation iv I. Presentation 1 1.1 Relevant Findings 2 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 Objective (Significance of Study) 1.3 Methodology 4 II. Structure of Thesis 1.4 Data Flow Diagram 5 1.5 Case Study(Library System Codings)- 6 1.5.0 LOG IN FORM CODINGS 7 1.5.1 MAIN FORM CODINGS 8-9 1.5.2 BOOK LIST 10-11 1.5.3 ADDING BOOKS 12-13 1.5.4 CHOOSE STUDENT 14-15 1.5.5 BORROWING BOOKS 16-19 1.5.6 EDIT BOOKS 20-21 1.5.7 RETURNED BOOKS 22-23 1.5.7 ADDING USER’S 22-23

Osmosis Case Study Essay Example for Free

Assimilation Case Study Essay These two Case Studies originate from a National Center on Case Studies. I feel that a contextual analysis approach is helpful in applying information and this is the thing that causes you to learn it better. They might be a touch of overwhelming when you read them yet I will assist you with experiencing them. If you don't mind request help so this subject turns out to be increasingly pleasant for you. Part Iâ€Too Much of a Good Thing Times were troublesome in Habersham County. The soaring costs of fuel and food were taking steps to bankrupt the Johnson family’s little homestead, which was no counterpart for the multi-million-dollar uber ranches that had been springing up everywhere throughout the southeast. Joseph, the family patriarch, was particularly grieved by the farm’s money related conditions. He realized that this year’s corn crop was his most obvious opportunity to spare the homestead, and his misery was clear to his family as they lounged around the supper table. â€Å"Michael, I’m going to require your assistance tomorrow,† Joseph said to his oldest child. â€Å"I need to go into town to get a section for the join so I can fix it before it’s time to collect in a couple of months. I need you to spread the potash and phosphate on the corn in light of the fact that we’re anticipating some downpour before the week's over. † Michael, his mouth loaded with singed chicken, gestured in understanding. He wasn’t such keen on cultivating, which throughout the years had been a state of dispute among him and his dad. Right now Michael was considering the time he’d be absent with his companions, however he additionally acknowledged how imperative this errand was to his dad and the ranch. â€Å"I’ll do it directly after school, Dad,† he answered. The next evening, Michael was stacking substantial sacks of compost into the drop spreader on the homestead tractor. His father’s bleak manner the past night weighed vigorously on him. Michael realized that 25 packs of the potassium and phosphorous-based compost was the typical burden to cover the 40 sections of land of corn the family had planted that spring. Yet, as he was discharging the 25th sack into the spreader, a thought flashed through his psyche: â€Å"If we need a decent corn yield to make it, possibly I should include some additional compost. † Michael concluded that some additional manure couldn’t hurt, so he immediately stacked 15 additional sacks. He was sure that including the additional manure would deliver an enormous yield when it came time to collect in a couple of months. Michael hadn’t informed his dad regarding the additional manure he’d added to the corn, needing to see his father’s shock over the size of the reap in a couple of months. True to form, the downpour began Friday evening; Michael was sure it would begin a mind blowing development spray in the recently prepared, youthful corn plants and that his family would hit the jackpot in a couple of months. He was up at an early stage Saturday morning, bringing his four-wheeler down to the cornfields. He expected to see a dynamic green ocean of youthful corn, extra sound because of the compost â€Å"boost† he had given them. His stomach dropped a piece as he gazed out at a field of wiped out looking corn plants, their leaves light green and marginally withering. â€Å"Maybe it down-poured excessively hard and that beat the plants up a little,† thought Michael, attempting to be hopeful. â€Å"I’ll keep an eye on them again in a couple of days. I’m sure they’ll have livened up by at that point! † The following hardly any days didn’t bring the outcomes Michael was seeking after. The corn plants looked far more atrocious! The leaves were starting to yellow fundamentally and were proceeding to shrink. Having watched his dad develop corn for the vast majority of his 14 years, Michael knew this yield wasn’t going to make it. A knot was shaping in his throat as he advanced back to the house, not certain how to educate his dad concerning the corn. Questions 1. What kind of condition (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic) did the additional manure make around the foundations of the corn? 2. Remembering your response to the past inquiry, what do you accept caused the corn plants to shrivel and in the long beyond words? 3. On the off chance that Michael’s botch had been gotten before, is there anything that could have been done to keep the corn from kicking the bucket? 4. By and large, individuals water their plants with 100% H2Oâ€no solutes included. What kind of condition does this make around the underlying foundations of the plant? Part IIâ€Too Little, Too Late Meanwhile, somewhere else in Habersham County, Tom was feeling somewhat anxious as he left the staff relax and entered the rushing about of County Hospital’s ER to start his first move as a RN. The initial not many hours of his work day passed gradually as Tom for the most part checked crucial signs and tuned in to patients gripe about different throbs, agonies, hacks, and wheezes. He understood that the going to doctor, Dr. Greene, who was fairly â€Å"oldâ school† when all is said in done about how he cooperated with nursing staff, needed to begin him out gradually. Tom knew, however, that the paramedics could get an injury understanding whenever. After his mid-day break, Tom didn’t have long to hold up before the paramedics burst in through the swinging doors of the rescue vehicle straight wheeling in a youngster on a gurney. Edward, a veteran EMT, presented the indispensable signs to Tom and Dr. Greene as they helped drive the gurney into the injury room, â€Å"18-year-old male, GSW to the correct mid-region, pulse 92, respiratory rate 22, circulatory strain 95/65, no loss of awareness. † A discharge wound! Tom realized that discharge wounds were once in a while the most troublesome injuries to deal with. Once inside the injury room, Dr. Greene started his underlying appraisal of the patient while Tom got occupied with sorting out the things he knew would be required. He connected a heartbeat bull screen to the patient’s pointer so Dr. Greene could watch out for the O2 levels in the patient’s blood and he embedded a Foley catheter so the patient’s pee yield could be observed. In the wake of completing his underlying obligations, Tom heard Dr. Greene saying, â€Å"It appears as though the projectile missed the liver and kidney, however it might have cut off a supply route. That’s presumably why his BP is somewhat low. Tom, get a liter of saline and start a quick IV dribble †¦ we have to build his blood volume. † Tom snatched one of the liquid filled sacks from the close by rack, appended a 12-measure IV needle to the plastic tubing, and tenderly slipped the needle into the patient’s antecubital vein. He at that point balanced the plastic sack on the IV stand and let the liquid rapidly begin to stream down the tubing and into the patient’s vein. The response was snappy and savage. The patient’s pulse started to skyrocket and Tom heard Dr. Greene yelling, â€Å"His O2 immersion is falling! Heartbeat is stimulating! What is new with this person?! † Tom stood stock still by the dread. He heard Dr. Greene proceeding, â€Å"Flatline! We’ve lost a heartbeat †¦ Tom, get the accident truck, we have to stun this person to get his heart moving once more! † Tom broke liberated from his underlying stun and did as Dr. Greene had requested. He at that point began CPR as Dr. Greene prepared the heart defibrillator to stun the patient. They kept on switching back and forth among CPR and defibrillation for nearly 60 minutes, yet without any result. As Dr. Greene reported the hour of death, Tom felt a sickening inclination in the pit of his stomach. He couldn’t accept that he had lost his first injury tolerant! At that point Tom saw that the liquid in the Foley catheter pack was brilliant red. â€Å"Dr. Greene, there’s hemoglobin in the Foley bag,† he said. â€Å"How could that be? † reacted Dr. Greene. Tom started to follow back over his means in the injury, attempting to consider whatever could have caused the hemoglobinuria. His mounting dread went to out and out fear as he took a gander at the now vacant pack on the IV stand. Its mark didn’t read â€Å"Saline,† yet rather â€Å"Distilled Water. † He took a gander at Dr. Greene, his heart rapidly sinking, and stated, â€Å"I figure I may have executed the patient. † Questions 1. What issue did the refined water in the patient’s circulation system make? 2. What happed to the patient’s platelets therefore? 3. Thinking about the capacity of red platelets, for what reason did the patient’s oxygen levels fall? 4. After Tom made his mistake, is there anything that could have been done to spare the patient’s life?

India :: essays research papers

     For over 200 years before the Indian Mutiny of 1857, there had been a British nearness in India. They started as trader adventures and their possessions on the land were moderately little. Throughout the years they had extended, making fortresses for insurance and bigger exchanging stations. In the end, to verify that there would be dependability and an effective exchange business, Britain conveyed a large number of its military there and furthermore raised powers of locals, hence turning into a functioning force in eighteenth Century India. In some cases by their plan yet in addition now and again coincidentally, the territory of British control started to increment. Their development went on until almost the whole sub-mainland was separated or affected by the domain constantly 1857.      The relationship of the British with their Indian subject step by step started to deteriorate as time passed. Many considered the innovation of the steamships answerable for the pressure between the two people groups. By permitting the British officials an enormously decreased travel time from their English spouses and their working environment, made less time with their Indian paramours. Another significant viewpoint was the appearance of teachers from protestant England. The evangelists provide reason to feel ambiguous about their lessons the traditionalist Indians, who favored their own traditions and establishments to others. Indians particularly favored their own religions and Evangelical Christians had little regard, or comprehension of, these old practices and convictions.      The flash that began it occurred in May of 1857 with a rebellion of Indian soldiers at Meerut, or a matter of strict guideline. The new rifles, which had been given by the British armed force, contained a cartridge that necessary the warrior to nibble of the end so as to stack the weapon. To make this procedure simpler, the cartridges were lubed with the creature fat of a bovine or pig. The talk immediately spread all through the Indian regiment that this procedure was being utilized, and as indicated by old Hindu and Muslim religion, this training is unclean and as per Lord Roberts, â€Å"the undertaking sold out and mind blowing dismissal of the natives’ strict prejudices.†(Porter, 40) The double-crossers took Delhi first with the assistance of progressively local regiments, and from that point, the resistance spread rapidly however unevenly. All through the numerous fights at Delhi, Cawnpore, and Lucknow, the locals were always unable to totally hold o nto the entirety of India. England managed to endure the multi month long fight, yet with extreme misfortunes. India :: expositions inquire about papers      For over 200 years before the Indian Mutiny of 1857, there had been a British nearness in India. They started as trader adventures and their property on the land were moderately little. Throughout the years they had extended, making fortresses for assurance and bigger exchanging stations. In the long run, to verify that there would be strength and an effective exchange business, Britain conveyed a considerable lot of its military there and furthermore raised powers of locals, subsequently turning into a functioning force in eighteenth Century India. In some cases by their plan yet in addition once in a while unintentionally, the region of British control started to increment. Their development went on until almost the whole sub-mainland was separated or affected by the domain continuously 1857.      The relationship of the British with their Indian subject step by step started to deteriorate as time passed. Many considered the innovation of the steamships liable for the strain between the two people groups. By permitting the British officials an incredibly diminished travel time from their English spouses and their work environment, made less time with their Indian fancy women. Another significant angle was the appearance of evangelists from protestant England. The preachers provide reason to feel ambiguous about their lessons the extremely moderate Indians, who favored their own traditions and organizations to others. Indians particularly favored their own religions and Evangelical Christians had little regard, or comprehension of, these old practices and convictions.      The sparkle that began it occurred in May of 1857 with a revolt of Indian soldiers at Meerut, or a matter of strict standard. The new rifles, which had been given by the British armed force, contained a cartridge that necessary the trooper to chomp of the end so as to stack the weapon. To make this procedure simpler, the cartridges were lubed with the creature fat of a dairy animals or pig. The talk immediately spread all through the Indian regiment that this procedure was being utilized, and as indicated by old Hindu and Muslim religion, this training is unclean and as per Lord Roberts, â€Å"the issue double-crossed and inconceivable negligence of the natives’ strict prejudices.†(Porter, 40) The double-crossers took Delhi first with the assistance of progressively local regiments, and from that point, the resistance spread rapidly however unevenly. All through the numerous fights at Delhi, Cawnpore, and Lucknow, the locals were always unable to totally hold onto the entirety of India. England managed to endure the multi month long fight, yet with extreme misfortunes.

Trendy Reif Strikes Again

Trendy Reif Strikes Again University presidents are the black suit-wearing overseers who sit at the back of every school event while silently staring at everyone with looks of disapproval. Except theyre not like that at all. Theyre vibrant and full of personality and theyre breaking the stereotype of the university president. My favorite example of such continues to be MIT President L. Rafael Reif, who always surprises students by doing quirky things in an otherwise formal job, like taking a selfie before giving his speech at the 148th Commencement. On Friday, August 22nd 2014 at 11am, President L. Rafael Reif was doused with ice water from a ten foot tall wooden contraption built by MIT Fraternity Phi Delta Theta. Then he was doused with ice water from another ten foot tall wooden contraption built by MIT Fraternity Pi Lambda Phi. Reif was nominated twice for the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge, one by Harvard President Drew G. Faust and the second by MITs Edgerton Center. He was joined for his first drench by Chancellor Cynthia Barnhart SM 86, PhD 88 and Provost Marty Schmidt SM 83, PhD 88, as well as by volunteers in the audience. The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge is a viral social media trend aimed at raising awareness of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aka Lou Gherigs disease. The challenge is to dump ice water on yourself, donate $100 to the ALS Association, or do both, and then publish the video onto social media with a list of new nominees and a link back to the ALS Association donation page. The trend has been questioned by many as people and celebrities began doing the challenge while neglecting linking to the cause but the challenge has no doubt raised over $80 million, according the ALS Associations website. Reif dedicated the event to Karolina Fraczkowska 01, whose husband, Thomas Phelan, passed away from ALS earlier in the summer. Reif challenged Undergrad Association President Shruti Sharma 15, MIT Graduate Student Council President Kendall Nowocin SM 13, Caltech President Thomas F. Rosenbaum, UC Berkeley Chancellor Nicholas B. Dirks, and Brown University President Christina Paxson. When I arrived to the event I saw fancy cameras all over the place, so I knew if my video was to compete, I would have to get a great view. Shuffling my way through the crowd, I got the front row on the left side where I could see all of the action. Someone was in front me but he was crouching down so I didnt worry about it. That is, until

Obamacare Research Assignment Project Summary - 1375 Words

Obamacare Research Assignment: Project Summary (Essay Sample) Content: NAME:COURSE:TUTOR:DATEProject SummaryThis project will involve observing the 2016 presidential elections taking into consideration the issue of Obamacare. Obamacare has become the key focus of the campaigns whereby each candidate has something to say about it and a promise to make. As such, the future of Obamacare remains unknown primarily because the voters are evenly balanced- that is, the supporters almost equal the opposers. It is clear that the Obamacare forms the question that will decide the forthcoming elections; will the healthcare insurance be taken away from the people? It is upon the voters that the future of Obamacare relies upon, as it is with the next president. If the voters need to retain the Medicaid, they will have to vote for a Democratic president, but if they do not want to retain it, they will go ahead to vote for a Republican president. All in all, the choice of the president will be determined by the Obamacare.In every election held in the Uni ted States, as it is in other nations, there are vital issues that form the basis or the foundation of the campaigns. These issues often make what may be referred as questions that decide the elections.' The 2016 elections are expected to be determined by, among other issues, the Obamacare (Reischauer and Rivlin). Most people do agree that the issue of Obamacare will be the key to the 2016 election. So, what role will the Obamacare play in the 2016 election? This is the question that will be addressed throughout this paper. It will discuss the trends in politics surrounding the Obamacare, as well as some of the political and economic factors that are at work. A quick glance at the Obamacare bill will give us the idea of what it is, and how it is perceived by the democrats and republicans. Both of these have tried to create laws aimed at reforming the American healthcare system, but with little success. On 24th Dec 2009, the Senate passed the ACA that was also passed by the house in 2010. President Obama signed the bill into law in 2012. This became the Obamacare. It is now over six years since Obamacare was passed, and it has remained one of the most politically charged issues expected to play a vital role in forthcoming elections (Braverman).It is expected that different opinions will arise from the two main political domains especially pertaining to the validity and the cost of the Obamacare. In the eyes of most citizens, the Obamacare has played an important role in the healthcare industry whereby people get insurance subsidies to enable them cater for their health needs. However, the opponents have termed the Obamacare as excessively expensive and counter-productive, as well as inefficient (Frum). They do not recognize the benefits that arise upon enrolling into this program. These republicans are not in any way concerned about the millions of people worried about losing their health insurance.Surveys indicate that the people are of the opinion that the is sue of Obamacare will be the key factor in their presidential votes. As a matter of fact, a study undertaken by insurancequotes.com indicate that approximately 80 % of people will use the Obamacare as their key consideration for their presidential candidate (Braverman). The people are currently evenly split whereby about 45 % would want to retain the law while 44 % would like it repealed. Most people can say that health insurance has improved. The number of un-insurance people has also gone low showing that many people favour the law. The Obamacare has indeed elicited strongly polarized reactions from the Congress and the state governors. Those states that have Democratic governors have accepted the Medicaid expansion. Approximately half of these have opted to host own state-cantered healthcare rather than rely on the exchange that is ran by the federal. On the other hand, the Republican governors have refrained from the Medicaid expansion and have opted to rely on the federally-run marketplace (Peck and Lempress). As such, the prime role of the Obamacare issue is shaping the political arena and deciding who will be the next president. The support that the law has will reflect in the choice of candidates for the 2016 elections. If a majority of the citizens support the expansion of the Medicaid, then the candidates that support the Medicaid expansion will be favored to those who oppose it. The contrary will also be true, whereby if a majority of the people oppose it, the candidates opposing it will get the votes. As such, the Obamacare can be seen as the key determinant of the next president of the United States.The Democratic candidates are seeking to further the objectives of the ACA in distinctive ways that require varied levels of centralization. For example, Hillary Clinton promises to maintain and expand the coverage of the healthcare that is created by the ACA. She has also suggested various reforms that include the repealing of the Cadillac tax. Sander s is advocating for a single-payer healthcare system with a publicly financed comprehensive coverage.' In this case, the state-run healthcare markets will be eliminated bringing the entire healthcare coverage under the federal government. When it comes to the Republicans, they are largely opposed to the Medicaid expansion, and the aspirants are advocating for a repeal of the ACA. The famous Republican candidate called Donald Trump has referred to the Obamacare as a complete disaster as he is advocating for a free-market centered system. According to him, removing the traditional healthcare markets that are centered in the states could improve competition. Improved competition would lead to better prices for the consumers (Peck and Lempress). Senator Marco Rubio is another determined Republican whose efforts cannot go unnoticed. He is advocating for a full repeal of the ACA and replace it with an alternative that is market-driven. He proposes a healthcare system that includes the tax credit that will enable the people to buy health insurance. More so, his proposal also touches on reforms on the insurance regulations and reforms of the Medicaid that are fiscally-sustainable. All in all, his plan aims at limiting the amount of funds that the federal government can spend in the protection of the insurance c...

Persuasive Speech Organ Donation - 1076 Words

Name: Avery Howard Topic: Persuasive Speech Assignment #2: Organ Donation Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to become registered organ donors. Thesis: Today I want to persuade my audience to become registered organ donors. Introduction I. To start, by a show of hands, only if you feel comfortable, how many of you are registered organ donors? II. According to organdonor.gov, â€Å"an average of 22 people die each day waiting for transplants that can t take place because of the shortage of donated organs.† a. Furthermore, every 10 minutes another name gets added to the national waiting list. (organdonor.gov) i. With those odds, at least 5 individuals will go into organ failure within the time limit of this class period. III. With this in mind, I am going to tell you why everyone should become a registered organ donor and the common counter-arguments associated with organ donation. Transition: Organ donation by a single person saves multiple lives, and is one of the most important reasons why you should become an organ donor. Body I. The United Network for Organ Sharing, UNOS, estimates that 122,683 people are in need of an organ transplant today. II. In Florida alone, approximately 5,500 people are waiting for a donor. (unos) III. One person has the ability to save the life of up to 8 people by means of organ donation. a. Hypothetically, if all 19 people enrolled in this class was registered and able to donate today, the lives of at least 152 women, men,Show MoreRelatedOrgan Donation : Persuasive Speech909 Words   |  4 PagesOrgan Donation Rhetorical Analysis Organ donation has been a major controversy for many years now. There are those people who favor it and the ones who do not. According to the United States Organ and Tissue Transplantation Association, organ donation is defined as tissue or organ removal from a deceased or living donor, for transplantation purposes. Tissues and organs are moved in a surgical procedure. Afterwards, they are transplanted to a recipient to ensure their recovery (Francis 2015). OrganRead MorePersuasive Speech On Organ Donation1150 Words   |  5 Pagesshortage of donated organs.† (Brazier) Due to the shortage of organs, this causes many people to go to extreme measures to save a loved one. Maybe even to the point of doing something illegal. The more we help promote and contribute to organ donation, the more lives we can save. There is a new name added to the list every 10 minutes while around 20 people die a day waiting for an organ. Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ or tissue from one person (the organ donor) and placingRead MorePersuasive Speech On Organ Donation973 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome a live organ donor and donating a kidney to my husband Keisy. Nowadays the number of people in need of organ donation is constantly raising and one of the greatest ways we can help someone even save their lives is by becoming a live organ donor. Long before I have met my husband, he has been diagnosed with the end stage kidney disease. That meant his kidneys were failing and he needed a kidney transplant in a near future. His name was entered in the National Organ Donation list. MeanwhileRead MoreA Persuasive Speech On Organ Donation947 Words   |  4 Pagesname is, Lizette Vazquez, and I am here to talk to you about becoming an organ donor. Many people wait for years for organs to become available, the need for organ donors is growing. Donate and save a life. If you had a chance to save a life and or change their life, would you do it? If you answered no, to this question would your feelings change, towards organ donation if someone in your family or close to you need an organ transplant? Can you imagine, what it would feel like to get handed a deathRead MorePersuasive Speech : Organ Donation1335 Words   |  6 Pagesto make. C. My name is Morgan Silva and I am here to talk to you about organ donation, how you can become one, and the ways your family and donor recipients benefit from the donation you made. II. Body A. People often ask themselves what organ donation is and what it involves. 1. According to Medline Plus, organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person for transplantation into another. a. All kinds of organs can be donated to save a life: the kidneys, the heart, the liver, the pancreasRead MorePersuasive Speech On Organ Donation1048 Words   |  5 Pageshigh enough. These people need organs, and it is on us to help. It takes just one of us to save as many as eight people on the list. People need to be educated on organ donation and the opportunities it creates rather than a hasty decision that is made when you apply for your driver’s license. Organ donation is an amazingly powerful and underestimated practice. I believe everyone should become more open to the idea of helping others through the donation of their organs, which would otherwise be entirelyRead MoreOrgan Donation Persuasive Speech Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagescouldn’t live without? Imagine you are lying in a hospital bed and you have no choice but to impatiently wait for that one organ you and your body are depending on to survive. Many people face this struggle every day. These people are waiting on a list for their perfect match†¦ the perfect person to be their organ donor. An organ donor is a person who has an organ, or several organs, removed in ordered to be transplanted into another person. Imagine that one of your loved ones are in the hospital†¦Read MorePersuasive Speech About Organ Donation1369 Words   |  6 Pagesan organ transplant (â€Å"Data†). These people wait patiently as death knocks on their door. In America, we can do so much to ensure that people will live on with the donations of organs. Unfortunately, many are unaware of the amount of people who are dying that are waiting for an organ. Organ donation is a great way to save someones life, and continue the life of a loved one. Although it is a great way to give someone a new life many people are uninformed about donation and how valuable organs areRead MorePersuasive Outline-Organ Donation886 Words   |  4 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE – ORGAN DONATION Topic:  Organ donation Thesis Statement:  Becoming an organ donor after death is not only an important decision for yourself, but it is also an important decision for the life that you may have the power to save. Purpose:  To persuade my audience to consider becoming organ donors after death    Introduction: 1. Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chanceRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline Essay examples942 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline Topic: Organ Donation General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: After listening to my speech my audience will consider donating their organs and tissues after death and to act upon their decision to donate. Central Idea: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you no longer need your organs. Introduction: How do you feel when you’re waiting for something you really really want? Or what if it’s not even

Preparation and Characterization of Melamine-Formaldehyde Crosslinked Acrylic Resins - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1499 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/18 Category Analytics Essay Level High school Tags: Characterization Essay Did you like this example? Abstract This lab involves the synthesis of an acrylic polymer. The reagents of hydroxyethyl acrylate, styrene, and butyl acrylate were reacted in a semi-batch process The product was then stored for one week before being crosslinked with a melamine-formaldehyde resin and a catalyst. The resulting coating was applied to an Al panel, cured, and tested according to ASTM D5402 for solvent resistance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Preparation and Characterization of Melamine-Formaldehyde Crosslinked Acrylic Resins" essay for you Create order This process was repeated and the formulation adjusted until a formulation exceeded 200 MEK double-rubs. The formulation was then created in a larger batch and applied to Al, steel, and free-film substrates by drawdown bars. These samples were then cured and characterized using various ASTM methods based on mechanical and chemical properties. Keywords Melamine-Formaldehyde, Acrylic Resins, Crosslinking, Characterization, Semi-Batch Introduction Acrylic resins were first used in the 1950s in the automotive industry.2 They have since increased their durability and practicality. Acrylic resins are formed by radical chain polymerization. This process has three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination. The formation of a radical is what begins this polymerization. That radical species is then able to react with monomer to produce a carbon radical on the monomer. This new radical can then react with other monomer creating a longer and longer chain of monomer. This polymer continues to grow being driven forward by the reactivity of the radical until it is terminated by either another radical or by other means.2 The objective of this lab is to successfully synthesize an acrylic resin with favorable PDI, then crosslink the polymer with melamine-formaldehyde. This reaction looks to create a coating that will be able to be tested using numerous characterization techniques following ASTMs. Experimental The first step in this experiment was the synthesis of the acrylic resin. A semi-batch process was used in this synthesis. Xylene (100.0g) was added to the resin kettle and began heating to 90? °C. A nitrogen flow was then started to blanket the entire apparatus. Special care was taken to not have an excessive flow to preserve the solvent. While the solvent is heating, hydroxyethyl acrylate (15.0g), styrene (82.6g), butyl acrylate (52.5g), and Vazo 67 (3.75g) was mixed in an Erlenmeyer flask until the initiator, Vazo 67, was fully dissolved. This solution was then added to an addition funnel that ran into the kettle of xylene. The monomer solution began being deposited into the heated solvent dropwise. The temperature was monitored constantly. The temperature goal of the addition period was 90-95? °C. To control the temperature, the mantle was turned off and lowered to cool and raised and turned on to heat. This back-and-forth heating and cooling cycle created a predictable and s teady heating throughout the addition. The entire addition lasted 56 minutes. Once the entire monomer solution was added, the batch was held at the 90-95? °C for an additional 30 minutes. A chaser of xylene (2.5g) and Vazo 67 (0.5g) was added directly into the kettle after this waiting period. The temperature was then maintained for an additional hour. This complete synthesis was followed by cooling the resin and storing for future use in a sealed jar. One week after the synthesis, formulation with a crosslinker was performed along with characterization. The first test was determining percent solids according to ASTM D2369. The percent solids was determined to be 51.88%. With this information, a formulation can be calculated with the crosslinker, Cymel 303. The formulation of synthesized resin (10.00g), Cymel 303 (1.30g)(25%), and pTSA (0.026g)(0.5%) was prepared with a drop of the flow aid, Byk 301 in solvent. This was then drawn down on an Al panel that was chemically cleaned with solvent. The drawdown was conducted with a 5 mil bar. The panel was left to flash dry for 15 minutes before being put in a 160? °C oven for 20 minutes. To test the cure, MEK double rubs were conducted according to ASTM D5402. If the coating passed more than 200 rubs without failing, then the formulation passes and can be used for further testing. The initial formulation failed at 50 rubs. The formulation was adjusted twice more with identical formulat ion as stated above except the amount of catalyst, pTSA, was increased with every new formulation. The final successful formulation contained the synthesized resin (20.09g), Cymel 303, (2.63g)(25%), and pTSA (0.21g)(2%). This formulation successfully exceeded 200 rubs and was used to coat Al and steel panels. A glass panel was also used to attain a thin film and for gloss measurements. These Al and steel panels were subjected to numerous ASTM test methods explained in the Results and Discussion section. Results and Discussion The acid number was calculated to be 0.55 using Equation (1). (Acid Number)=(mL of KOH)(Normality)(56.1)/((g of Sample) ) (1) The hydroxyl equivalence was calculated to be 0.010 using equation (2). (OH Eq.)=((g of OH Monomer))/((OH Eq.of Monomer)) (2) The hydroxyl equivalent weight was calculated to be 1501.00g/eq using equation (3) (OH Eq.Weight)=((g))/((OH Eq.)) (3) The value of Tg (theoretical) was calculated using equation (4). 1/T_g =W_1/T_g1 +W_2/T_g2 +W_3/T_g3 +?†¹?+W_n/T_gn (4) The value of Tg(theoretical) was calculated to be 16.18? °C of the synthesized resin. The measured Tg using DSC was found to be 35.55? °C. This result are found in Figure 1 The thin-film coatings Tg was measured using DSC as well and yielded 57.39? °C. This result is found in Figure 2. Figure 1: Synthesized Resin DSC Figure 2: Thin-Film DSC The results of the DSC tests differ than the theoretically calculated ones. This difference is worth noting. The temperature was held constant within the range during the entire experiment (discarding the start-up). The range was 90.0-94.9? °C. A possibility for this variance is the use of older reagents. It is possible that self-polymerization could have began in any of the reagents that were used. This would also explain the variance in the PDI as shown in Table 1. A more likely source of this difference could be directed from the rate of addition. As shown in Table 3, the rate at which the monomer solution was added was not constant at all throughout the addition with a range of rates from 20 to 40 mL per 10 minutes. This would lead to variations in chain length. An advantage of semi-batch synthesis is that one can control the rate of the addition of monomer. The idea is to keep a steady flow throughout the polymerization. This was not maintained, and the results might vary beca use of it. DMA was supposed to be performed on the thin-film, but the film was too brittle and was impossible to measure. Table 1: Results of Resin Analysis Percent Solids MW Mn PDI Tg (theor.) Tg (Actual) Value 51.88% 17250 10755 1.604 16.18? °C 35.55? °C SD 0.36% Table 2: Results of Crosslinked Coating Tests and Characterization Conical Bend Pencil Hardness Crosshatch Impact (in*lb) Konig Hardness Thickness (? µm) Gloss Forward Reverse 20? ° 60? ° 85? ° Value 32% 8H Fail 5B 78.4 62.72 191.67 41.84 164 162.2 114.4 SD 7H Pass 1.25 1.51 7.29 4.66 2.42 Table 2: Data Observed During the Addition of Monomer Solution Time (min) Amount Added (mL) Temperature (? °C) 0 0 85.1 10 35 91.7 20 25 92.3 30 40 91.3 40 25 91.3 50 20 94.0 56 25 93.0 Despite the temperature maintenance, the conversion rate of the monomer was less than 99%. This is known because of the percent solids value. A percent solids value of 66% would have given a more promising conversion percentage. This value could have been raised by keeping a steady flow and by heating the sample longer and with slightly more initiator. This would increase the conversion rate, but it could lead to other problems with PDI. This synthesis needs to be run through in one go. The initiation, propagation, and termination are not processes that can simply be paused. If temperature were to drop to room temperature, then termination could end early and leave monomer unreacted or with a low MW. Any loss of solvent over time would also affect the viscosity and make measurements of percent solids more difficult. GPC was used to find the MW and Mn of the synthesized resin. GPC works by first diluting the resin and passing it through a series of columns. The size of the polymers begin to separate and larger MW polymers do not diffuse through the columns as fast as the lower MW polymers. The amount of polymer that exits the column series over time is measured and compared to a standard polymer.1 It is important to note the limitations of GPC. There are several variables such as the flow rate and elution volume that can give incorrect results.1 As shown in Table 2, this coating had its strengths and weaknesses as far as coating performance goes. The coating could be harder which can be accomplished by increasing the crosslinking. This could be done but not too much to avoid creating an inflexible and brittle coating. Conclusion This lab encompassed the synthesis and characterization of an acrylic resin. This resin was then crosslinked with melamine-formaldehyde to form a coating that was then subjected to a solvent resistant test. A correct formulation was found and many panels were created using this coating. The coating was then subjected to numerous tests and processes to learn about its physical and chemical properties. References Holding S.R. Gel Permeation Chromatography. Endeavour. Volume 8, Issue 1, 1984, Pages 17-20. (accessed Oct. 2, 2018). Wicks, Z. W. Organic Coatings: Science and Technology; Wiley-Interscience: Hoboken, NJ, 2007.

Attorney Client Privilege - 2121 Words

The interesting part of the two matters I will be addressing here is that an individual almost has to know prior to a suit being filed that litigation may occur. Discussions and written matter, all correspondence, emails and documents exchanged between parties should be prepared with a thought to potential litigation. Attorney Client Privilege and the Work Product Doctrine are two separate and distinct issues and should be treated within the legal world as separate disclosures. Attorney Client Privilege, which originated in Roman and canon law, has evolved into a recognized judicial doctrine and is necessary in order to provide clients with access to effective, well informed counsel. In Upjohn Co. v US the Supreme Court the Court†¦show more content†¦Prior to a corporation or its employees taking action, it usually requires an informed legal advice. Legal direction may be either taken or dismissed; the point is that in order to provide an informed decision counsel and its direct reports are provided with confidential information. Counsel reviews the confidential information and provides an opinion on the issue. This opinion may or may not support the legality of a matter and the company may or may not act because of the information provided, however, the confidentiality of the initial information provided, the attorney’s thought process, as well as all reasoning associated with this process needed to be retained as confidential. Particularly when a corporation has in-house counsel, counsel may wear two hats. Not only is the counsel required to provide legal information, some with expert business sense, is asked to provide operational and directional advice. Corporate counsel usually holds more than one title; (in addition to those of General Counsel, Corporate Counsel, Associate Corporate Counsel, etc.) they may also hold the title of an Officer of the company (e.g. Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President, Vice President, Secretary, etc.) Counsel needs to be able to separate these titles to ensure that the General Counsel’s Work Product andShow MoreRelatedClient Attorney Privilege : The Code Of Silence940 Words   |  4 Pages Client attorney privilege is describes the code of silence that is a legally recognized right of the client to tell his attorney anything and the attorney will can not disclose this privileged communication. However, in some cases it s sad that you as the attorney have to refer to the code of silence in order not to be disbarred. I know I would want to give that mother of the five years boy some closure and stop the argany with the hopes that her five year old is still alive. I also understandRead More The Attorney-Client Privilege2235 Words   |  9 PagesMichmerhuizen the Attorney-Client Privilege means â€Å"The concepts of lawyer confidentiality and Attorney-Client Privilege both concern information that the lawyer must keep private and are protective of the client’s ability to confide freely in his or her lawyer † (1). 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This paper presents the ethical dilemmas of the attorney-clientRead MoreParalegal Proffesional and Ethics Debate Post 11199 Words   |  5 Pagesparalegal and the skills necessary to be a paralegal. Why are these skills important? Are paralegals able to represent clients? What is attorney-client privilege and how does this relate to the role of a paralegal? Summarize the Biblical Model as presented by Professor Bern. Post: The role of the paralegal: I would say that the role of a paralegal is primarily to assist an attorney, law office, or government agency. But there can be other roles as well that are less common, such as but not limitedRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of Attorney Client Privilege1153 Words   |  5 Pagesact. Attorneys come into contact daily which involves the attorney-client relationships. The attorney-client privilege is a legal privilege that works to keep communications between a lawyer and his/her client secret (silence is golden). The privilege is a legal doctrine that protects confidential information, the contents and actions related to the privileged communication must preserve the integrity of the attorney-client privilege. This paper presents the ethical dilemmas of the attorney-clientRead MoreThe Complexity And National Significance Of The D.c1174 Words   |  5 Pageslandscape of federal administrative law and federal anti-corruption law. Part III: The Attorney-Client Privilege Testifying in Congress during a 1973 hearing on the then-pending Federal Rules of Evidence, Associate Justice Arthur Goldberg of the United States Supreme Court remarked that privilege law â€Å"is the concern of the public at large, [involving, such crucial relationships as that] between lawyer and client, a privilege that long antedates the adoption of our constitution. [It] relate[s] to the fundamentalRead MoreCase Ethics And Personal Ethics1387 Words   |  6 Pages Attorney Ethics Amberjean M. Gallagher St. Leo University January 28, 2016 Author Note Amberjean Marie Gallagher, Virginia Beach, Virginia No noted changes in affiliation. There were no grants or other financial support for my study. No other colleagues assisted in conducting research and development of this paper. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Amberjean Marie Gallagher, 1616 Quail Point Rd, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454 E-mail: amberjean.gallagher@emailRead MoreStephen assignment draft Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesMEMORANDUM From: Stephen Haas To: Reader Date: July 8, 2011 Re: Divulging Confidential Information About our client Ener G. Traidor Relevant Facts Our client, Ener G. Traidor (â€Å"Traidor†), has retained our firm to assist with his acquisition of an oil drilling company. During the course of the representation, we discovered that Traidor’s plans involved drilling in a manner than could produce dangerous results for a nearby town’s water supply. We have presented Traidor our concerns about the impact

Analysis Of Eagle Rock Jr. / Sr. High School - 862 Words

The traditional public school that I chose and that I am observing is called Eagle Rock Jr./ Sr. High School. This public school is the only one with a 7-12 grade configuration with comprehensive junior and senior high school. They offer the magnet program for gifted students in grades 7-12. Moreover, they offer a fully authorized IB middle school year Programme to students from 7-10, and the IB Diploma Programme for students in grades 11-12. This school was established in 1927 and the campus is around 40 acres. This campus includes the current main building, gymnasium facilities, auditorium, tennis courts, and a swimming pool. Eagle Rock High School ranks number 15 in LA county, number 43 in CA, and number 343 in the nation. From the last data recorded in 2011-2012, the total student population consists of 8 percent of Asia students, 21 percent Filipino, 0.2 percent Pacific Islander, 2 percent African American, 58 percent Hispanic, 10 percent White, and 1.0 American Indian/ Alaska n. There are approximately 2, 391 enrolled in this school year from which 34 percent are gifted or talented, 11 percent students with disabilities, 6 percent English learners, and 25 percent are reclassified fluent in English proficient. According to the US News and World Report, about 65 percent of the students are considered to be economically disadvantaged. From these students, 51 percent were eligible for the free lunch program and with a household income of $29,995 for a family of four. TheShow MoreRelatedImpact of Promotional Strategies on Consumer Buying Behaviors: a Case of Hollister Co18263 Words   |  74 Pages.................................................................. 20 3.7 Time Horizon: ............................................................................................................................. 21 3.8 Data Collection and Data Analysis: ............................................................................................ 22 3.9 Ethical Con sideration: ................................................................................................................. 22 3.10Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfollowing classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/FordRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 PagesCase Studies C-1 INTRODUCTION Preparing an effective case analysis C-3 CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 ABB in China, 1998 C-16 Ansett Airlines and Air New Zealand: A flight to oblivion? C-31 BP–Mobil and the restructuring of the oil refining industry C-44 Compaq in crisis C-67 Gillette and the men’s wet-shaving market C-76 Incat Tasmania’s race for international success: Blue Riband strategies C-95 Kiwi Travel International Airlines Ltd C-105 CASE 8 Beefing up the beeflessRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagessituations, but keep in mind that the larger case studies, such as Convin Corporation and The Blue Spider Project, could have been listed under several topics. Several of the cases and situations have seed questions provided to assist the reader in the analysis of the case. An instructor s manual is available from John Wiley Sons, Inc., to faculty members who adopt the book for classroom use. Almost all of the case studies are factual. In most circumstances, the cases and situations have been taken from

Disability Affects Devleopment Free Essays

3. 3 – Explain how disability may affect development Children with a disability may be subjected to prejudice or discrimination at school. They may be bullied or ridiculed by other students which will affect their self-confidence and in turn affect their learning capabilities and development. We will write a custom essay sample on Disability Affects Devleopment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Disabilities are categorised in different forms i. e. learning or physical. Learning disabilities which affect development could be. Autism; autism is a developmental disability which affects how a person relates and communicates with other people and the world around them. A child/young person with autism finds it difficult to understand facial expressions or the tone of a voice. They can feel lonely and cut off from society as they avoid social interaction. This could affect their ability to development or interact in social settings or in the classroom. Dyslexia; is a difficulty in learning to read. A child/young person suffering from this may become frustrated and problems could arise at home or in school, behavioural problems could also be seen, as well as the child becoming unmotivated or developing a dislike for school. If dyslexia is undetected then this will affect their development at school and could spoil any chance of achievement. Cerebral palsy; cerebral palsy is a condition which affects the movement, posture and co-ordination of a person. A child/young person with this disability may only be affected physically with this disability while others could be affected by seizures, epilepsy or difficulties with speech and language. The social model of disability. In the 1970’s and 1980’s a civil rights based approach was developed by disabled people. Buildings were built in such a way that there was no access for wheelchairs. Information was produced in a way that disabled people could not use. Attitudes and stereotypes about a disabled person prohibited a disabled person from having the same opportunities as an able bodied person. Special services were created that kept disabled people segregated and cut off from everybody. The medical model of disability. Under this model a disabled person was defined by their illness or medical condition. If they did not fit into society then they were institutionalised or kept isolated at home. A disabled person had no options over: What school they attended, what support they received, If they were allowed to work and where they could work. Overall in the last fifty years there has been a huge step in thinking when it comes to the care and education of disabled children and young people. in the past the social and medical mode of disability meant that opportunities for learning and developing were denied for those with disabilities. However, today there is a different approach and majority of settings look for ways of increasing learning and development for disabled children and young people. How to cite Disability Affects Devleopment, Papers

Exploitation of the Workers in the Retail Industry

Question: Discuss about theExploitation of the Workers in the Retail Industry. Answer: Introduction In regards to the social development, the retail entails the process of selling consumer goods or the services to the consumers using different channels of distribution in order to earn profits. The Quickshop is probably one of the retail industry which highly concentrate on the customer satisfaction (Campbell, Boese Tham, 2016). It has more than 60 stores in Queensland, Australia providing an in-depth shopping experience through offering more choice and value to the client. Nonetheless, the Quickshop as a medium sized business that is looking forward to providing more branches and becomes the best in the industry faces various issues. One of the biggest problems they are facing is the exploitation of the workers in the retail industry which consequently may have implication on the brand of the business (Campbell, Boese Tham, 2016). The report aims to examine different types of exploitation and the potential demerits about the exploitation of the workers in the retail industry. Summary of the Issue There are different types of exploitation of the employees by their employers, especially in Australian retail industry. One of the ways is an underpayment of employees. The workers are paid below the minimum wages at $10 instead of a wage of 24 dollars. This has been exhibited in one chain store sevem-7 in Australia (Burgmann, 1995). The employees especially those from foreigners have had their visas taken, and forced to work for long hours which are of the permit condition to stay in that country. There are also concerns about the wage theft where workers wage are robbed of their part-time work especially the penalty rates for working at night, weekends and perhaps during the public holiday. The half pay scam has been dominating in the Australian retail industries where the workers work for 40 hours a week for an average of 12 dollars per hour against the award rate of 24.69 dollars per hour. This is labor exploitation, particularly when one works for more than 16 hours without a b reak. Exploitation of the workers in the retail industry has many demerits. Exploitation is a bad example as well as severe damage to the legitimate rights and the interest of employees. The press practices and exploitation of the employees are a grave violation of the business law and social practices (Webster Randle, 2016). On social, economic and development the exploitation of workers might not bring profit and health operation of the firm but instead, stagnate on the development of the organization. Consequently, this will lead to the wrong impression for the corporate image and brand management. Implication forBusiness The exploitation of workers is a common practice in the retail industry; this will have a harmful impact on the industry. The customers will no longer trust in the retail industry because they are providing unfair working practices (Esposito Evangelista, 2014). The need to take proactive steps is imperative and ensures that the franchise business partners adheres to both ethical and legal business standards while being profitable. Additionally, the industry needs to provide a convenient shopping experience to the customers and provide fair opportunities to the workers. A fit for purpose approach would be appropriate for the retail industry to enable them to increase profit. References Burgmann, V. (1995). Revolutionary industrial unionism: the industrial workers of the world in Australia. CUP Archive. Campbell, I., Boese, M., Tham, J. C. (2016). Inhospitable workplaces? International students and paid work in food services. Esposito, E., Evangelista, P. (2014). Investigating virtual enterprise models: literature review and empirical findings. International Journal of Production Economics, 148, 145-157. Webster, J., Randle, K. (2016). Virtual workers and the global labour market. Dynamics.

Salinger, J.D. The Catcher In The Rye Essay Example For Students

Salinger, J.D. The Catcher In The Rye Essay Holden Caulfield, the main character in J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, is what I believe to be one of the most well-developed characters which I have read about. He has many characteristics that are all his own, such as the way he views the world, his friends and his family. One of the main things that characterizes Holden, is that way that he thinks the entire world is phony.Holdens view of the world as phony is a very strong one, and in most cases, is correct. Holden thinks that the majority of the people in the world are putting on some sort of an act to impress or befriend people. In a way, Holden is probably correct in thinking that most of the people he came in contact with are phony, such as his roommate at Pencey, Ward Stradlater. In one instance, Holden refers to Stradlater as a secret slob. He describes how Stradlater always tries to be neat and tidy on the outside so as to impress people, but how he is not when you get to know him. In the scene where Holden and Stradlater are in the can, and Stradlater is getting ready for a date, Holden describes Stradlaters razor as rusty as hell and full of lather and hair and crap. Another of Holdens run-ins with phonies, came to him while he was in New York City. He was lonely and looking for someone to keep him company, so he calls a girl named Faith Cavendish. He was told about Faith by a friend of his who went to Princeton, Eddie Birdsell. When he calls Faith, she has no desire to talk to him whatsoever, and she makes that quite clear, until Holden drops the name of Eddie, and she instantly perks up at the thought that Holden might be an important person. She asks Holden where hes calling from, and he replies a phone booth, and he tells her that he has no money, and she then tells Holden that she has no time. The wat that Faith changes her mind so quickly when she finds that Holden has no money is a prime example of the phonies Holden encounters. Another general example of what Holden thinks is phony is actors. He talks about how D. B. took Phoebe and him to see Hamlet, and he talks about Sir Laurence Olivier, and how the play would have been good, except that Olivier knew he was good, and that spoils it. Holden says how he cant go to a play and pay attention to what the actor is saying because he has to keep worrying about whether hes going to do something phony every minute.Holden has another incident with phonies when he invites Sally Hayes on a date. Holden takes her to a play, which he considers phony as it is, but then at intermission, Sally meets a man who she hasnt seen for years, and they began a big phony act. Holden says,Youve though that they hadnt seen each other for twenty years they probably even hugged and kissed checks and all. This is the kind of behavior that Holden obviously never grew up with, isnt used to, and doesnt like.Through his experiences in New York City, and his many flings with phony women, Holden grows to believe that everyone in phony in some way. He thinks that the whole world is phony, and its not likely that everyone in the world is corrupted or phony, so is it possible that all the characters in the novel are all really normal and Holden is really the only phony one?

Whether the Realism School Still Works Today with the Iraq War as the Example Essay Example

Whether the Realism School Still Works Today with the Iraq War as the Example Essay | Analysis on Whether the Realism School Still Works Today with the Iraq War as the Example| Word count : 4056 MB240672 Zhao Tiantian (Daisy)| | ProfileAdmin [Pick the date] | 1. Introduction After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it seems that the Realism school of international relations has been at an embarrassing position. The scholars of realism had not predicted the result of the confrontation of the United States and Russia. At the same time, with the further development of other schools of the international relations, such as the Liberalism, Constructivism and English school, the realism school is regarded to undergoing a weakening trend, for its inability to give a satisfactory explanation of so much cooperation, negotiation and other situation in the ever-changing political environment. While does that really mean the realism school of international relations lose its significance to study? The answer is definitely no. As one of the most classical school, flourishing for such a long time, it is bound to have its reasonability on some specific issues. Then does it can still be persuasive in this century and explain some specific events in the world nowadays? Is the realism school still practical in analyzing some situation and worthwhile to keep further study on it? The author thinks it is appropriate to study it with an example of war happened recently to see is there any changed expression of the school. We will write a custom essay sample on Whether the Realism School Still Works Today with the Iraq War as the Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Whether the Realism School Still Works Today with the Iraq War as the Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Whether the Realism School Still Works Today with the Iraq War as the Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In that way, we can understand the school and the world better to promote the development and keep the relatively stable situation of the globe. Even though after the World War Two, there is rare large scale of wars like that, involving so many states or covering so broad area. The disputes, conflicts and wars happened in different regions and among different states, absolutely cannot be compared with the world war. One of the examples of such kind is the Iraq War. On March 20 2003, the United American firstly started an invasion of Ba’athist Iraq with its coalition, the United Kingdom. Before the war, the governments of two states claimed that Iraq’s alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) posed a threat to their security and that of coalition or regional allies. 1 As we all know, after 9. 11, anti-terrorism has become a top agenda to America, so the US government also condemned Saddam Hussein, the president of Iraq provides the protection and support of Al-Qaeda as well as financial support for the families of Palestinian suicide bombers. On top of this, the human rights abuses of Iraqi government also could be seen as the reason for the US to start the war. While are these reasons really true without other purpose? The investigators of WMD in Iraq did not find any evidence to prove, on the contrary, they got the conclusion that Iraq had already ended its nuclear, biological and chemical program in 1991 and had no active program at the time of the invasion. 2 Even without the permit from the UN, not conforming to the specific rules of international law, the US started a militarily attack to Iraq surprisingly. So is it really a justice war like that announced by the US government, is there any other reason for the start of the war related to the self-interest of the US? This war could embody what kind of information and be relevant to the realism school of international relations? The author would provide a further analysis on it. First, the introduction of the realism school of international relations would be given, which includes the main principles and several branches of the realism school related to the case studied here. Then the author would also present information of the international law and international organizations to show how the US, as the most powerful state today won its purpose and self-interest and protect its security in the â€Å"anarchy† world. And analysis would start from the reason announced by the US government, how they really embody the real intention of the US. Then try to find is there any other potential reason hided the event in order to prove how the US behaved in line with the realism school. 2. Literature review Realism school of international relations is a kind of theory and practice, focusing on the balance of power among states more than ideality and mortality. There are several fundamental principles of the school. Firstly, the international system is under the state of anarchy which means there is not an authoritarian actor to manage the international society and address the disputes or conflicts among different states. Secondly, the sovereign states are the most significant actors in the international system instead of international organizations, non-government organizations or multi-national enterprises, and sometimes the more attention is given to the great powers which have much more saying in the international interactions. Thirdly, all states within the system are unitary and rational actors. 3Considering the other states response to their own behavior, those states would also pay attention to the outside environment and choose the strategic measures to try their best to survive. Because that states always tend to pursue self-interest and groups strive to attain as many resources as possible. 4Fourthly, the most principle goal of a state is survival and security. â€Å"States seek to maintain their territorial integrity and the autonomy of their domestic political order. Survival dominates other motives because, once a state is conquered, it is unlikely to be in a position to pursue other aims. †5 While for this reason, it is possible to lead to a kind of troublesome situation, called â€Å"security dilemma†. It means one state tries to strengthen its military power by increasing its army or other means which could cause the insecurity of another state. Due to the uncertainty of the other’s real intention, lack of information, incentive to misrepresent and some private information, it is very likely for this state to take the same measures to protect itself. Therefore, these two states would be trapped in the â€Å"security dilemma† and that would easily cause the war. Fifthly, power is given the priority by every state, seeking power especially the military power sometimes is regarded as the top agenda for each state. Only with the power, can a state guarantee its security to further pursue other development and stability. Of course, realism is a complex school which could be divided into several specific branches with each distinguished characteristic. First of all, the Classical Realism holds that in the real world, the weak is always falling to the strong. The anarchy to the world means the law of the jungle, so states pursue the maximization of power. Second, Neorealism also called Structural Realism claims that even though the major actor is state, there is not difference in the function of states. What impact the foreign policies are the various positions of states in the international system structure. Third, Offensive Realism, with the representative of John Mearsheirmer insists on the idea that self-help is the only way to survive without help from the trusted others under the anarchy. Seeking self-interest and establishing its own power are of great importance. What is more, there are Defensive Realism and Neoclassical Realism which the author would not explain too much about them. Then international law should be mentioned here. International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and nations. 6It serves as the indispensable framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations. 7Meanwhile, international law is consent-based governance. This means that a state member of the international community is not obliged to abide by international law unless it has expressly consented to a particular course of conduct. 8 Although many kinds of cooperation and negotiation can be seen in the world, it is still reasonable to consider the inherent reason for them. Does that mean a state could learn to become benevolent, doing good things and thinking of others more than of itself? Under such kind of background, because of the only reliable method of self-help in the anarchical world, international law is so weak as well as the international cooperation. With the spread of Fascism and the explosion of the World War Two, classical realism rose rapidly and dominated the theory and practice of international relations during the period of Cold War. Under the great influence of classical realism, not only the study of international law war greatly affected, but also the practices of international organizations were affected negatively. Some scholars of early realism hold that the international law could play part of role in stipulating and constraining the states’ behavior during the fight for power in the international relations. But still many scholars keep doubt to the real function of international law, because of the lack of some important properties like domestic law, such as institutions of legislation, jurisdiction and enforcement. In the book of Edward H Carr, The Twenty Years’ Crisis he points out the nature of international law that â€Å"international law differs from the municipal law of modern states in being the law of an undeveloped and not fully integrated community. It lacks three institutions which are essential parts of any developed system of municipal law: a judicature, an executive and a legislature. 9To sum up, they tend to regard the international law as a kind of original law with serious flaw. On the other hand, due to the short of compelling force, the international law is considered as soft. 10 On top of the mentioned shortcomings of it, the limitation from willingness of states whether to accept the rules, ambiguity of the law’s provision and other factors decide th at there is no room to ply for international law to seek power and secure international relations. Especially in the conflict between the states interests and the use of international law which are strong and weak respectively, law has to submit to the reality, for its pursuit of a kind of â€Å"morality†. If a state’s survival is not a focus of a law, namely, if the existing international system causes the successive problems of survival, it is possible for us to get a pessimistic conclusion that states are still trampling the international law. 1 As for the international organizations, with the increasingly more frequent international interaction and the deeper independence among states, they have also showed new changes, such as the larger scale of the organizations and better network of different states compared with the past. The United Nations is one of the largest and also the most important organizations in the world now with the most members. It is undoubtedly that in the term of controlling the regional conflicts and relieving the expansion of that. But it still faces with lots of challenges, particularly faced with the powerful states holding the superb position, and then its role shows some degree of being weakened which would embody in the following parts of the thesis. 3. Case study After September 11 attack happened in America, Bush, the president of the US announced the war to the â€Å"terrorism† recognized by the US government and put Iraq into the list of â€Å"Axis of Evil†. While on July the 8th 2002, Bush said that changing the Iraq’s regime is one of the American state policies on a press conference, â€Å"taking every measure to realize this goal†. On September the 12th the US government listed the examples of Iraq’s break of its promise to the international community since the Gulf War and urged the UN to take actions to force Iraq to destroy the weapons of mass Destruction. So in 2002, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1441 which called for Iraq to completely cooperate with UN weapon inspectors to verify that Iraq was not in possession of WMD and cruise missile. 2 It is easy to get a conclusion that since 2001, there has already been the tight atmosphere or also can be said that the crisis escalated between the US, the only one superpower in the world and Iraq, an important state in the Middle East with great amount of oil reserve. The reason for starting the war as mentioned at the beginning of the paper, firstly, the WMD problem. The US claimed to search and eliminate the weapons of mass destruction. Regardless of the fact that whether Iraq really held the WMD, it is easy to understand the situati on that it is the possibility that makes the US really worried. It can be considered as a kind of â€Å"security dilemma†. Iraq may develop the nuclear energy for their own purpose instead of hurting any other states. But due to the preconceived idea of Iraq, regarding it as the â€Å"Axis of Evil† and worry of the potential terrorists of the state to make use of the WMD to continue their destruction, it is understandable for the US to take measures to try to get rid of this crisis in order to protect itself. Why the US does not say too much about the same situation happened in other countries, such as China or Japan? It depends on the real interest relationship between two. The Iraq war also related to the principle of the realism school in which guaranteeing the survival is the most significant goal for a state. The US thought the possession of WMD had become a huge threat to its survival and security. The action that Iraq might have WMD led to the insecurity of the US or the fear for that kind of insecurity. Therefore, two states were trapped into the â€Å"security dilemma†. While as the much more powerful one, the US adopted actions firstly. As to the second reason, to end the human rights abuses in Iraq and to establish an autonomous government for the Iraqi seems really weak. There is no permission for attacking a state for such kind of excuses. Even though such situation existed once, it does not mean that is right. Just from this reason, it is can be seen that the US really regards itself as an indispensable mediator with its strong political and economic strength and superb position in the globe. The author claims that many policies and measures taken by the US stand the emergence of a new kind of hegemony which conforms to the realism school. Why is it said as new? Compared with the traditional hegemony of European countries in different historical periods, like Portugal, Spain, Holland and the UK, the US does not seek the marine hegemony, colonial hegemony or military hegemony, and it has a distinguished theory, purpose and process. In the regard of theory, the US preaches its responsibility of maintaining the international order, emphasizing the moral foundation and legality of its behavior. In the regard of process, the US is focus on diplomacy, negotiation, economic sanctions and military intervention. The purpose of the military method is to punish those states which violate the international order and human rights instead of conquering the land through military force. And eventually, through the promotion of political and economic system, the influence on lifestyle as well as the spread of ideology, the US would like to maximize the security and interests of itself and lead the world. Before the Iraq war began on 20 March 2003, France, Germany rejected to join the military attack to Iraq with the US. The US only won the support of its old coalition, the United Kingdom. Even on 20 January 2003, French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin declared â€Å"we believe that military intervention would be the worst solution†13 Meanwhile, in March 2003, Hans Bilx, the chief UN weapons inspector reported that â€Å"No evidence of proscribed activities have so far been found† in Iraq, saying that progress was made in inspections which would continue. He estimated the time remaining for disarmament being verified through inspections to be month†. 4 However the US announced that â€Å"diplomacy has failed† and that it would proceed with a coalition of allied countries, called the â€Å"coalition of the willing† to rid Iraq of its alleged WMD. The US government abruptly advised the UN weapons inspectors to leave Baghdad immediately. 15 Under the general circumstances, when the US had not found the evidence of development of WMD and terrorist attack in Iraq, realizing the reason for the war is not sufficient, it should stop its plan invade and turn the follow-up work to the UN and other international organizations. It is regret that America did not do that. What is more, in October 2002 former US President Bill Clinton warned about possible dangers of preemptive military action against Iraq. Speaking in the UK on a Labor Party conference he said: As a preemptive action today, however well-justified, may come back with unwelcome consequences in the future. I dont care how precise your bombs and your weapons are, when you set them off, innocent people will die. 16 Then what is preemptive war? It means that a war is imminent and appears to be unable to avoid, then one of the states would starts the war, considering the first one would enjoy some kind of advantage. And there is also another kind of theory similar with it, called the â€Å"preventive† self-defense sharing the similar connotation. The Iraq war actually happened in this way. Since September 11 2001, the US had already made preparations for this preventive self-defense. It classified the North Korea, Iraq and Iran as the â€Å"Axis of Evil† and delivered a speech in West Point, saying the victory of anti-terrorism cannot be won by self-defense, we have to launch attack to destroy their plans and eliminate the most severe threat in advance. And three months later, Bush’s government issued a document named National Security of the United States explained that even though the US would insist on pursuing support from the international community, it would take measures to practice its right of self-defense and crack down the terrorists preemptively. Therefore, according to the words of President Bush, it is not difficult to find that there are several characteristics of the so-called preventive self-defense. First, only when the US thinks its security is under threat, it has the right to take measures or attack enemies preemptively regardless of the opposition from the international community and objection from the UN. Second, it does not require that the threat is extremely urgent. Maybe a conclusion can be got that the Iraq war is a unilateral military attack taken by the US and the UK, but not being attacked by Iraq or even without solid evidence that the threat is really serious as well as ignoring the undergoing inspection in Iraq conducted by the Security Council. Moreover, the Article 2 of charter of the United Nations â€Å"All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations. 17 should be applied as a basic principle of today’s international law and followed by all states. And different from the self-defense in the Article 51 of Charter of the United Nations in which â€Å"Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security C ouncil has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defense shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and hall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security†18 However without getting the authorization from the Security Council to take military sanction on Iraq, enough proof to be at the dangerous position, the US chose to fight. In line of the existing international law, the Iraq War is an illegal use of military force to a sovereign state. In July 2010, Deputy Prime Minister of the UK Nick Clegg, in an official PMQs session in Parliament, condemned the invasion of Iraq as illegal. 19 So return to the realism reflected relevant to the war, it is the strong power of the US that makes it behave in a disorderly manner without fear, making a detour of the UN and violating the international law to realize its own purpose. Even in the 21st century, the international institutions or organizations are still very weak in some situation, especially faced with a superpower. Because this world is still a law of the jungle to a certain degree, the reality of anarchy does not change, even there are some organizations or institutions in the world, what the extent of the role it can play is another story. On the other hand, since the World War One and Two, crisis of oil in 1973 and the Persian Gulf War, states’ leaders have noticed that crude oil is the most important fundamental raw material of the greatest strategic significance. However the major reserve and production area gather in the Middle East where the political situation is always unstable with frequent disputes or conflicts. Therefore, that brings the risks of the provision of the crude oil in the global market. And for that reason, it is likely for us to think the fight for crude oil is or will still be the center of the tense situation of international politics and economy now and future. While the US as one of the greatest consumers of crude oil in the world, conducted fierce competition with other states in this area with conflicts of interests. Particularly after September 11, the US launched the global strategic deployment with anti-terrorism in which also implies the strategic deployment of crude oil. That is why some people analyze we cannot rule out the possibility that the eruption of Iraq war also embodies the pursuit of self-interests in energy of the US. The superpower always places the self-interests on the first place, even chooses a war which is illegal, pretending that justice prevails. 4. Conclusion The realism school seeks the elaboration for the reality of the world instead of the ideal situation. One point of view goes like that since the establishment of the formal international study in 1919, the realism once dominated the realm of it, because it could give an arguable explanation of wars in the world. So the author takes the example of a war happened relatively in recent years to elaborate the role of realism school. As to the Iraq war, firstly attention goes to the reason for the start, even though the excuse is not enough the US still conducted its attack. Secondly, the process of the war, from not getting the permit from the United Nations to violate the international law, becoming an illegal war, proves that the US depends on its own strong national power and the leading role in the whole world without the fear for the sanctions and condemnation from other states or the international organizations. Just like in the argument of realism school, in the law of the jungle, â€Å"power† is a core factor for deciding a state how to behave in the international interaction. Due to the uncertainty to Iraq’s intention, not knowing whether it really holds the nuclear weapons, whether Iraq would use it to do things related to the terrorism, harming the interests and security of the US, the US government decided to take a preemptive war in advance as a rational actor in order to eliminate the potential risks and protect itself. Meanwhile, The US gives the self-interests a priority and tries to affect other states with its great political and economic influence. Therefore, it is natural for us to get a conclusion that even a war happen today could be conformed to the realism school of the international school. Even after the split of the Soviet Union, it is still taking the significant position in the international relations study and can explain much situation in the globe, especially for the war. And of course, even there are more and more international organizations nowadays, but how to ensure they could play the better role in the international community is an urgent problem to deal with the disputes, conflicts and even wars, only by commitment? It still needs to be done more study on that. Bibliography 1. Center for American Progress (January 29, 2004) In Their Own Words: Iraqs Imminent Threat Senator Bill Nelson (January 28, 2004) New Information on Iraqs Possession of Weapons of Mass Destruction Blair, A. (March 5, 2002) PM statement on Iraq following UN Security Council resolution 2. Shrader, K. (22 June 2006) New Intel Report Reignites Iraq Arms Fight Associated Press 3. Realism (International Relations) Wikipedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Realism_(international_relations) 4. Realism (International Relations) Wikipedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Realism_(international_relations) 5. John I. Mearshelmer (2001) The Tragedy of Great Power Politics pp. 31 6. The Free Dictionary Definition of Human Rights. The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright  ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009.. ttp://www. thefreedictionary. com/international+law. Retrieved 13 September 2011. 7. Slomanson, William (2011). Fundamental Perspectives on Internationa Law. Boston, USA: Wadsworth. pp. 4-5 8. Slomanson, William (2011). Fundamental Perspectives on Internationa Law. Boston, USA: Wadsworth. pp. 4 9. Edward H Carr The Twenty Years’ Crisis (1981) pp. 170 10. Kenneth W. Abbot and Duncan Snidal, Hard and Soft Law in International Governance, International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 3, Summer 2000, pp. 422 11. Robert J. Berk, Anthony Clark Arend and Robert D. Vander Lugt eds,. International Rules: Approaches from International law and International Relations, New York: Oxford University Press Inc. 1996 P. 94 12. Hersh, Seymour M. (5 May 2003). Selective Intelligence, New Yorker. 13. Press conference of Foreign affairs Minister Dominique de Villepin (excerpts). Embassy of France in the U. S. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. 14. Press conference of Foreign affairs Minister Dominique de Villepin (excerpts). Embassy of France in the U. S. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. 15. Iraq War Wikipedia http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Iraq_war 16. CNN Inside Politics. CNN. http://transcripts. cnn. com/TRANSCRIPTS/0210/02/ip. 00. html. Retrieved 23 October 2010. Grice, Andrew (3 October 2002). The Independent. Clinton urges caution over Iraq as Bush is granted war powers The Independent (London). http://www. independent. co. uk/news/world/politics/clinton-urges-caution-over-iraq-as-bush-is-granted-war-powers -607775. html. Retrieved 23 October 2010. 17. Charter of the United Nations pp. 4 18. Charter of the United Nations pp. 14 19. Clegg brands Iraq War illegal in his first PMQs – with the backing of No10, Daily Mail, 21 July 2010